Teratogenic/embryotoxic factors are associated with

• A. Adverse effects to fetus during pregnancy
• B. Adverse effects to worker skin
• C. Economic loss
• D. Respiratory irritation

Answer: (A)

Teratogenic and embryotoxic factors are substances or conditions that disrupt development of a fetus when exposure occurs during pregnancy. The defining outcome is adverse effects to the fetus during pregnancy, which can include birth defects, growth restriction, or fetal loss depending on when and how much exposure happens. This is why the option describing adverse effects to the fetus during pregnancy is the best fit. Other choices describe effects that are not specific to fetal development—such as skin irritation in workers or general respiratory irritation or economic impact—so they don’t capture the meaning of teratogenicity.