Which are included in the Methods of exposure?

• A. Inhalation, ingestion, absorption, contact, injection
• B. Filtration, distillation, crystallization, precipitation
• C. Evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition
• D. Exposure by heat, light, sound, vibration

Answer: (A)

Exposure routes are the ways hazardous materials can enter the body. The best answer lists inhalation (breathing in fumes or vapors), ingestion (swallowing contaminants), absorption (substances passing through the skin into the body), contact (skin or eye contact that can cause exposure), and injection (material entering through punctures or needles). These five routes cover respiratory, oral, dermal, and parenteral entry and are essential for assessing risk and guiding PPE and decontamination decisions.

The other options describe things that are not routes of exposure: one set lists separation and purification processes (filtration, distillation, crystallization, precipitation), another set covers phase changes (evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition), and the last describes exposure to energy forms (heat, light, sound, vibration).