Which of the following are the types of GHBMO stress?

• A. Thermal, Mechanical, Chemical
• B. Thermal and Chemical
• C. Mechanical only
• D. Chemical only

Answer: (A)

GHBMO stress on hazmat equipment comes from three main forces: thermal, mechanical, and chemical. Thermal stress happens when temperatures change, causing materials to expand or contract and potentially crack seals or joints. Mechanical stress is from physical forces such as impacts, drops, punctures, crushing, or internal pressure that push or pull on the container. Chemical stress occurs when reactive or corrosive substances attack the material, leading to corrosion, embrittlement, or cracking. These three cover the major ways containers and equipment can fail in hazmat scenarios, so including all three is essential. Omission of either thermal or chemical stress leaves out a common failure mode, and a mechanical-only view ignores heat and chemical effects.