Which of the following is a physical decontamination method?

• A. Absorption
• B. Neutralization
• C. Disinfection
• D. Sterilization

Answer: (A)

Absorption is a physical decontamination method because it removes contaminants by taking them up into another material or onto a surface, without chemically changing the contaminant. Think of activated carbon or absorbent pads that trap vapors or liquids simply by contact and physical attraction, altering the contaminant’s location rather than its chemical structure. In contrast, neutralization involves a chemical reaction that changes the contaminant’s composition, disinfection relies on chemical agents to kill or inactivate microorganisms, and sterilization aims to destroy all forms of life, often using heat or chemical processes. Since absorption achieves decontamination through physical capture rather than chemical alteration, it fits the definition of a physical method.